Alberta’s fall legislative session closed this week with Premier Danielle Smith’s government advancing two major bills that relied heavily on the Charter’s notwithstanding clause, a move that has renewed debate over the limits of provincial authority and the protection of individual rights. The clause was applied four times in the sitting, shielding the legislation from certain court challenges for up to five years.

The government first invoked the clause when it passed a law ordering more than 51 thousand public school teachers back to work following a three-week provincewide strike. The bill also imposed a contract that members of the teachers’ union had already voted to reject. Education groups in Edmonton and Calgary say the dispute highlighted ongoing concerns about class sizes and staffing shortages in many Alberta classrooms.

Civil liberties organizations, several lawyers’ groups and faith leaders publicly criticized the government’s approach, warning that the repeated use of the clause could weaken long-standing constitutional safeguards. Among those voicing concern was the Anglican Bishop of Edmonton, who urged the province to respect avenues for legal challenge rather than closing them pre-emptively.

The government has defended its actions as necessary to maintain stability in essential public services, but opposition parties argue that the decisions undermine democratic checks and balances. The issue is expected to remain a point of tension when lawmakers return for the spring sitting.